The legal framework of the bilateral economic relations includes the Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Moldova and the Government of the United States of America on trade relations and investment incentive (in force since June, 1992) and the Agreement between the Republic of Moldova and the United States of America on investment promotion and mutual guarantee (in force since April, 1993), Most-Favored Nation Treatment (in force since 1992). Since 1995, Moldova benefits from custom facilities agreed under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP).

In order to develop and strengthen the economic and investment cooperation between the Republic of Moldova and the United States , in 2003, was launched the Moldova-U.S. Joint Economic Task Force. This Joint Economic Task Force is co-chaired by the Minister of Economy of the Republic of Moldova and the Coordinator of U.S. Assistance to Europe and Eurasia . The agenda of the first meeting of the Moldova-U.S. Joint Economic Task Force, which was held on June 19-20, 2003 , in Chisinau, contained issues such as Macroeconomic and Financial Policy and Moldova 's Relations with International Financial Institutions, Integration of the Republic of Moldova into the Regional and World Economy, Business Environment and Attracting Investment, U.S. Assistance Priorities for Moldova . On June 26, 2003 Moldovan and American sides signed the Action Plan and scheduled a second meeting of the Moldova-U.S. Joint Economic Task Force will be held on June 3-4, 2004.